Power in the Film Thirteen Days Essay Example

Power in the Film Thirteen Days Paper Amanda Nasca November 20th 2011 Power â€Å"Thirteen Days† Legitimate power  stems from the belief that a person has the right to influence others by virtue of holding a position of authority, such as the authority of a manager over a subordinate or of a teacher over a student (ENotes. com). In some respects, everyone has power—the power to either push forward or hinder the goals of the organization by making decisions, delegating decisions, delaying decisions, rejecting decisions, or supporting decisions. However, the effective use of power does not mean control. Power can be detrimental to the goals of the organization if held by those who use it to enhance their own positions and thereby prevent the advancement of the goals of the organization. In the film â€Å"Thirteen Days† the aspect of power is displayed from the president of the United States, John F Kennedy. The president is considered by many people to be the most powerful man in the world. I disagree with that statement, and here’s why. While technically the president of the US has almost absolute power because according to the Constitution he is the commander and chief of the armed forces, therefore, the president can make a decision on his own without getting approval of anyone in the United States. This is an example of the president’s formal power because the constitution, which is the overriding law of the land, states that he is commander and chief of the armed forces, While the president has formal power it is not unlimited power. We will write a custom essay sample on Power in the Film Thirteen Days specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Power in the Film Thirteen Days specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Power in the Film Thirteen Days specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Cuban Missile Crisis is what the film is centered around, and during this crisis the president could have done what he wanted to do and be legally correct without the consent or approval of congress. Without needing the consent of any political party, he could have decided to do a first strike against the Soviet Union, but he did not make that choice. While his power seems to be absolute, in reality he does need a certain amount of consensus and approval before he can act. For example, in the in the film he needed to listen to the opinion of his advisors, the secretary of state, secretary of defense, the joint chiefs of staff, and our allies around the world, before making any final decisions. He could come up with a plan of action, but then he needed these groups to agree on what they want to do. Though his power seems absolute, no man is an island. In further support of my opinion that the president power is not absolute we need to look at the personality of JFK. He did not just look at a situation and make a decision on his own, he sought out the options of others. Some of the reasons for this can well be because of President Kennedys age, he was younger and less experiences than his secretary of state, secretary of defense, and joint chiefs of staff. To JFK’s credit he realized that the greatness of a leader comes from the greatness of the people that he surrounds himself with; a great leader depends on great advisors. The role of his advisors is to provide him with accurate information to help him make the final decision. Despite his absolute power, to some degree, he is also dependent on the information his advisors provide him in order to make a decision. Throughout the film there were numerous times when the President and all of his advisors were sitting in a room together debating what the next best course of action is. President Kennedy did not make the decision himself, he seemed to just step aside frequently and allow his advisors to come to a conclusion that himself and everyone else could agree on. The knowledge that the joint chiefs of staff had concerning the power of the American military and the effectiveness of the Soviet military gave them power because their input was crucial to President Kennedy’s decision making. In a sense JFK was dependent on the knowledge of the military strategy that the joint chief of staff possessed. While the president had the formal power, he had to depend on the information provided to him by the joint chiefs, who had less formal power than he had. (Chou) In conclusion, what the Cuban Missile Crisis demonstrated is that while the president had the formal power his advisors showed the level of power and influence they possessed in their role with their president. They didn’t have formal power or legal power, but their power comes from their knowledge and their experience in their position, this power would be called personal power. The president’s advisor’s knowledge created a sphere of influence for the president, this knowledge can be known as informal power. Their opinions carry weight and importance, but yet they have no formal authority. The president who had all the formal power needed to rely on those with informal power to guide his decisions. Sources: Management: Authority and Responsibility ENotes. com.   ENotes Literature Study Guides, Lesson Plans, and More. Web. 20 Nov. 2011. http://www. enotes. com/management-authority-responsibility-reference/management-authority-responsibility. Thirteen Days. Dir. Roger Donaldson. New Line Cinema Presents, 2000. Chou, Andy. Power and Politics. Lecture/Slides.

Free Essays on Credit Scoring

The Problem The insurance industry has begin using customers ‘credit history as the basis for underwriting to determine the insurance premium. This method is being applied to all aspects of property and casualty insurance and in some states is considered an unfair practice. Using this method to determine customers’ premiums has made insurance unaffordable and caused a financial hardship to some customers. Organization renewal is an important factor in business, but this type of renewal seems to do more harm to the consumer by increasing profits for the insurance companies. Micro Identification The micro identification of this problem is that insurance companies will have a better book of business by writing insurance for people with high credit scores. Insurance companies have found that people with high credit scores usually will not file a claim for something they have the money to pay for themselves. Macro Identification The macro identification of this problem is that customers with low credit scoring usually do not have disposable income and rely on credit or insurance to cover a loss that occurs. When using credit, payments are usually late or not made, which the insurance companies use to place these people in a high-risk category for premium underwriting. Initial Date that the Problem Exists The first time I became aware of this problem is when I was filing a new insurance policy form and rate memorandum in the State of Maryland. The Maryland Department of Insurance sent me a letter stating, we need to state in the policy that if credit scores were being used as an underwriting tool, it could not be the only means used to determine the customers risk factor in determining their premium rate. I started researching the trade publications, National Underwriter, CPCU News Magazine, Best’s Insurance News, FairIsaac and Consumer Federation of America, Independent Insurance Agent, as a few of my sourc... Free Essays on Credit Scoring Free Essays on Credit Scoring The Problem The insurance industry has begin using customers ‘credit history as the basis for underwriting to determine the insurance premium. This method is being applied to all aspects of property and casualty insurance and in some states is considered an unfair practice. Using this method to determine customers’ premiums has made insurance unaffordable and caused a financial hardship to some customers. Organization renewal is an important factor in business, but this type of renewal seems to do more harm to the consumer by increasing profits for the insurance companies. Micro Identification The micro identification of this problem is that insurance companies will have a better book of business by writing insurance for people with high credit scores. Insurance companies have found that people with high credit scores usually will not file a claim for something they have the money to pay for themselves. Macro Identification The macro identification of this problem is that customers with low credit scoring usually do not have disposable income and rely on credit or insurance to cover a loss that occurs. When using credit, payments are usually late or not made, which the insurance companies use to place these people in a high-risk category for premium underwriting. Initial Date that the Problem Exists The first time I became aware of this problem is when I was filing a new insurance policy form and rate memorandum in the State of Maryland. The Maryland Department of Insurance sent me a letter stating, we need to state in the policy that if credit scores were being used as an underwriting tool, it could not be the only means used to determine the customers risk factor in determining their premium rate. I started researching the trade publications, National Underwriter, CPCU News Magazine, Best’s Insurance News, FairIsaac and Consumer Federation of America, Independent Insurance Agent, as a few of my sourc...

Analysing elements of integrated marketing communication

Analysing elements of integrated marketing communication In the past, the various elements of marketing communication mix were handled by experts in the relevant areas and regarded as separate functions. For example, sales department managed its selling activities independently; advertising campaigns conduct by advertising agencies whereas the sponsorship and direct marketing are conduct by specialists or consultants in these areas. Obviously, it can lead to frequently inconsistent and uncoordinated. Therefore, to change this situation to be better, integrated marketing communication should be implementing. There are some factors of implementing the IMC which are significant political and social changes, rapid technological development, and the empowerment of consumers. All these powerful forces have all contributed to creating a business climate in which marketers can no longer afford to ‘dictate’ to their target audience. Hence, marketers should learn to adapt with the new environment because marketing landscape has much ch anged over the last decade. It is an environment where consumers are able to evaluate the offers being made to them and to decide more independently how to satisfy their requirements. Consumers are more selective where they will ensure that the company provides what and when they want it. Thus, this has lead to significant changes in the way marketers promote their product offerings to consumers. So, we can say that the era of IMC is very important to company. DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS Integrated means that combine or coordinate separate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole. In other word, when all marketing communication tool work together, it will be more effective than work as a single component. It will create more competitive advantages, boost sales and profit, while saving cost, time and stress if this concept is incorporated in marketing strategy. So, if the marketing communication tools are combined as a group it will produce more powerful outcome in the process of delivering customer superior value. Marketing The root word for marketing is market. Market is defined as a place for consumer and sellers to carry out transaction that required cash as an exchange medium for obtaining a product or service. Marketing can be defined in two perspectives which include old view or new view of marketing. From the new view of marketing, it is all about the creation of superior value for customers and building strong customer relationship in order to capture value and feedback from customer. It is different from old views of marketing which focus only on process of selling and telling the product to target market. Communication In  general, communication is defined  as  a  process of transmitting information and meaning from sender to receiver  either  in  verbal  or  nonverbal no matter it is occurred in a group or interpersonal.   This  process of communication  is considered successful if the receiver understanding inf ormation or message conveyed by the sender. There are two types of communication which is verbal communication and non verbal communication. Verbal communication includes written and oral presentation while non verbal communication includes an overall body language of the person which included the body posture, gesture and facial expressions. In marketing perspective, communication is defined as a process by which persuasive information is transmitted as promotional messages through one or more channels such as print, radio, television, direct mail, and personal selling.

Commnication and Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Commnication and Decision Making - Essay Example The reason why we have to lay off some of our employees is because the company has been experiencing some slow times over the last three months. This has been caused by the high prices of raw materials as well as high salaries. As a result, there is a need to cut costs since the company is not generating enough revenue as well as cash flow. The affected departments will be in a position to create sharp cost cutbacks for a brief episode of time. It is expected that the affected departments will be faced with more workload and the inventory turnover may be slow for a while. However, the company will suffer a one-time cost to gain subsequent annual recurring savings. Additionally, the affected areas overall output will less than the usual or poor productivity and the departments will need to readjust their work schedules and routines (Gandolf, 2008). The remaining employees are expected to display symptoms anxiety, inadequate commitment to the work, as well as lack of creativity. Staffs in the three departments namely; order processing department, the human resources department and the production department will be expected to be apprehensive of their jobs. It is also expected that people will start to view their colleagues as rivals. This will mostly likely affect the output. To ensure that there is no break of confidentiality, the departments’ managers will need to pay equivalentdevotion to the personnel who will be losing their jobs as well as those who will be remaining. For the employees who are being laid off, the departments’ managers will be required to afford fair severance, providechances for re?training, as well as outplacement resources. Again, for the employees who will be remaining, the departments’ managers will provide numerous two?way communication networks (particularly face?to?face) among leadership and personnel to provide them numerous chances to communicate their worries, ask queriesas well as deepen their comprehension o f the realities of business. The departments’ managers will need to makesure that those employees who will be remaining are conscious of the resources and support afforded by the firm to employees who will be out of work. This willmake a noteworthy difference to upcoming workforce productivity and mitigate the upsurge in the voluntary turnover, which follows each forced lay off (Gandolf, 2008). To aid in the ‘moving of forward’ as well as transition after the layoffs, the managers from theinvolved departments will be required to communicate efficaciously and often with the staff. It is expected that people will begin to reveal signs of fretfulness, lack of dedication, as well as a reduction in creativity and productivity. In the days and weeks to follow the layoff, the departments’ managers will need to come up with strong leadership stratagems to aid employees focus upon the primacies at hand as well as to re-devote themselves to the company. The managers will be required to hold frequent meetings with employees plus generate an agenda;enquire on how individuals are holding up, listen as well as respond empathetically; ask about the ‘rumors’ and either dispel or validate them; set well-defined, realistic, achievable short-term goals. The managers will need to be focused upon the department’s work; institute an open-door policy; as well as let staff be aware that they approach the manager with concern, information and questions. All these stratagems will aid the

HOUSE OF THE SLEEPING BEAUTIES by Kawabata. Do you agree with Eguchi Essay

HOUSE OF THE SLEEPING BEAUTIES by Kawabata. Do you agree with Eguchi that sex and death are related - Essay Example This could be said either to be true just of this book or also of real life. It is a given that all things are related somehow. This can be looked at from an elemental standpoint. Fundamentally, humans are primally focused on the will to survive and avoid death as well as the will to attain sexual gratification from another individual. Death is something so organic in nature. It returns human bodies to a carbonic state and ends a cycle. Sex is certainly a natural and universal motivator, that it only makes sense to see a link between the two most natural and unavoidable acts a human will engage in. No one is free from impending death or an end at some point in there life whereas sex can be a beginning or a place of origin. We are born as a result of sex in most cases and then return to the earth via death. This is a basic and certain connection between sex and d death. Kawabata is known for his strange parallels between the things which we may consider to be dark such as death and sadness; and things which we may consider to be good such as beauty and sex. These parallels are acceptable because Kawabata is capable of bringing the two opposites together onto a common plane. In the case of this particular work by Kawabata, Eguchi is a character who finds himself in the house of the sleeping beauties which is essentially a bordello that offers a night‘s sleep with heavily sedated women who almost appear to be corpses. This is the direct link to the connection between sex and death which essentially meets one with the other in a halfway point of necrophilia. Eguchiis damaged due to the death of his wife and therefore seems to have a fixation on the issue of death and women as they converge. This house of â€Å"sleeping beauties† seems to give the impression that men might find this the most ideal situation regarding a relationship with a woman or a sense of companionship, since the women are essentially in a

The Effects of the Cold War in Asia Essay Example for Free

The Effects of the Cold War in Asia Essay The cold war was the name given to the economic, political, military and ideological rivalry that took place between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and their allies after World War II. The two powers never directly engaged in military action because both had nuclear weapons that if used, would have had devastating consequences for both sides. Alternatively, proxy wars were fought. A proxy war results when opposing powers use third parties as substitutes for fighting one another and is typically initiated by a power that does not itself participate. The Korean and Vietnam wars are two examples of proxy wars because the U. S. and the Soviet Union did not engage each other however, Soviet attempts to spread and unify both Korea and Vietnam under communist rule prompted intervention either by the United States and/or by their allies. Another example of communist expansionism is the Malayan emergency that lasted from 1948-1960 which resulted in a guerrilla insurgency committed to an independent communist Malaya. These three events were just a few effects of the cold war in Asia. This essay will discuss each event individually and in more detail and attempt to convince readers that the Korean and Vietnam wars and the Malayan emergency were the direct results of Soviet attempts to expand communist rule in Asia and the United States and their allies’ policy of preventing and containing such moves. The Korean War The Japanese occupation of Korea ended after 35 years when they surrendered to both Soviet and American forces in 1945. The plan for the future of Korea was to hold free and fair elections and establish a democratic Korean government. In the meantime, the Soviets and the Americans agreed to occupy the country as a trusteeship. Korea was then divided at the 38th parallel- the U. S. occupied the South and the Soviets occupied the North. In 1948, two separate governments were established the Democratic People’s Republic under communist rule in the North, and the Republic of Korea in the South. Sunday June 25th 1950, North Korea began its attack on South Korea (with the support of the Soviet Union) starting with a 90-minute artillery barrage and then a full invasion of North Korean tanks and infantry across the 38th parallel into South Korea. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion and insisted the North stop their advance and retreat. When it was evident that the North was not complying with this demand, President Truman, on June 27th authorized the United States Navy and Air Force to support South Korea. The U. N. gave the United States the authority to choose the supreme commander who would lead the allied mission. President Truman chose General Douglas MacArthur who was experienced and considered an American war hero. On June 28th, three days after the invasion Seoul, the South Korean capital was taken over by the North Korean forces. On June 30th, President Truman commissioned the use of American troops in South Korea. Ultimately, 16 member nations would contribute forces to the mission of repelling the North Koreans. During the first weeks of the war, the communist North took Seoul and continued their invasion Southward with little difficulty. The South Korean army and U. N. forces were pushed back to Busan – an area located at the southeastern most tip of Korea. On September 15th 1950, MacArthur launched a daring but necessary allied counteroffensive involving about 70,000 troops at Inchon. This purpose of this landing was twofold – first, catch the North Koreans off guard and second, disrupt both communications and supply lines. Now at a disadvantage upon success of MacArthur’s counteroffensive, the North Koreans began to retreat. This allowed the â€Å"cornered† South Korean army and U. N. forces at Busan to march north and meet up with the other U. N. forces. By early October 1950, all U. N. forces were together at the 38th parallel. Although it appeared that the Korean mission was a success, the war was far from over. Approved by both the U. N. nd the Joint Chiefs of Staff, South Korean troops and U. N. forces crossed the 38th parallel into North Korea. The People’s Republic of China warned U. N. troops that if they crossed the 38th parallel, they would enter the war. MacArthur however, reassures President Truman who is apprehensive over the news that they would not enter the war. However, on November 23rd 1950, about 200,000 Chinese troops crossed the Yalu River and attacked U. N. forces prompting a bold retreat and an immediate withdraw of troops. By December 24th 1950, the navy evacuated approximately 100,000 U.  N. and South Korean troops and roughly as many refugees. General Matthew B. Ridgeway replaced General Walton Walker who died at the end of December 1950. His deployment began Christmas day and he commenced the rebuilding of the Eighth Army. Seoul, which had been recaptured by U. N. forces in October, was abandoned in early January 1951. Nevertheless, by March 27th 1951, the Eighth Army took back Seoul and reached the 38th parallel. In November 1952, the United Nations changed their policy towards the war and approved a defensive strategy. However, the war entered a deadlock both politically and militarily. In January 1953, Dwight Eisenhower succeeded Harry Truman as President of the United States. Determined to resolve the deadlock and end the Korean War, he threatened to use nuclear weapons against China if they did not agree to a peaceful solution. Finally, after three years of conflict, an armistice was signed on July 27th 1953. Casualties were high for all parties involved – an estimated 33,741 Americans killed in action and 103,284 wounded. South Korean numbers are much higher – 59,000 killed in action and 291,000 wounded. U. N. orces that include Australia, United Kingdom, Canada and New Zealand lost 1,263 and 4,817 wounded. Remaining U. N. forces including Belgium, Columbia, Ethiopia, France, Greece, the Netherlands, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Turkey suffered 1,800 killed in action and 7,000 wounded. North Korean and Chinese casualties are not clear, but estimates are 500,000 killed and 1,000,000 wounded. With the support of both the Soviet Union and China, North Korea invaded South Korea for the purpose of overthrowing the government, taking control of the South and unifying the entire peninsula under communist rule. However, this strategy failed because the international community responded. Unfortunately, the war did not settle the dispute of unification and effects of this are still felt today in both North and South Korea. Although it is difficult to determine the winner, if any, of this war, it is clear that the response of both the United Nations and United States was to contain the spread of communism. Perhaps, the only party that could claim victory is the Chinese. Chinese forces were successful in forcing allied troops out of North Korea and across the 38th parallel. China would now play a significant role in the future peace talks. The Vietnam War The French had formerly occupied Vietnam prior to 1940 when Japan invaded parts of the country. Now, Vietnam had to foreign occupiers – the French and the Japanese. In August 1945, Japan surrendered to allied forces. This gave Vietnamese nationalists led by Ho Chi Minh the opportunity to proclaim the independence of Vietnam. However, the French were determined to regain control of the country. This led to a bloody war between the Vietnamese nationalists and the French in November 1945. The most troubling for the United States was that the Vietnamese nationalists, the Viet Minh, was a communist movement. Nevertheless, it was not until 1950, when the Soviet Union and China recognized the Viet Minh that confirmed American suspicions, revealing Ho Chi Minh, in secretary of state Dean Achesons words, â€Å"in his true colors as the mortal enemy of native independence in Indochina. † A concern among US officials was that US interests were at stake if Vietnam became a communist country. Therefore, in 1950, the US provided monetary assistance to the French effort in Vietnam. Nevertheless, in 1954, France withdrew from Vietnam after a significant defeat at Dien Bien Phu. In July 1954, an agreement was reached at the Geneva conference that temporarily divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel. The Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh would control the North and forces such as the United States who aided the French would control the south. The agreement also called for national elections to be held by July 1956 to reunite the country under one government. The United States however, disagreed and refused to accept the agreement worried the Communists would win and unite Vietnam under communism. If Vietnam became communist, it was believed among US officials that surrounding countries would also become communist – this was known as the domino theory. Therefore, with the help of the United States, elections were carried out but only in South Vietnam. June 18, 1954 Ngo Dinh Diem was elected as the first president of South Vietnam backed by the United States. However by 1960, many Vietnamese began feeling oppressed by Diems leadership and organized the National Liberation Front (NFL) also known as the Viet Cong that would fight against both the South Vietnamese government and United States forces. When Lyndon Johnson became president in November 1963 following John F. Kennedys assassination, he began sending aid to the newly formed government. On August 2, 1964, two US warships were attacked by North Vietnamese gunboats in international waters known as the Gulf of Tonkin incident. In response, Johnson asked Congress for the authority to do whatever it took to withstand any further attacks from the North Vietnamese against US forces. Congress approved Johnsons request with the Gulf of Tonkin resolution. Only after Johnson was re-elected as president in November 1964 did he intensify the war in Vietnam. In early 1965 Johnson ordered the bombing of North Vietnam and in March 1965 ordered large numbers of US military troops to South Vietnam. Johnsons intention was not to achieve victory but for the US forces to strengthen South Vietnams defenses until they were able to assume responsibility. By the summer of 1965, 90,000 US troops were in Vietnam. Nevertheless, General Westmoreland, the US commander in Vietnam would ask Johnson for another 150,000 troops. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara recommended sending 100,000 additional US troops to Vietnam. Johnson would approve McNamara’s recommendation. Despite the US military buildup, the Viet Cong were well supplied and dedicated fighters. They were also more familiar with the jungles of Vietnam than the US was – this gave the Viet Cong a huge advantage. They attacked in ambushes, set up booby-traps and moved around underground tunnels. General Westmoreland would again request more US troops that Johnson approved. Between 1966 and 1967, US forces serving in Vietnam rose drastically from 190,000 to 535,000. On January 30, 1968, the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong orchestrated a surprise attack on South Vietnamese cities and towns known as the Tet offensive. † It is estimated that 67,000 Viet Cong took part in the offensive. An estimated 40,000 were killed. The US was able to regain the cities and towns lost in the offensive. Although this was a US victory, it proved to the president and the American people that the enemy was better equipped and more powerful than previously believed. After the Tet Offensive and growing disapproval of the war at home, Johnson decided not to escalate the war any further. In January 1969, Richard Nixon became president of the United States. Nixon was favorable among the American people for his promises to de-escalate and end the Vietnam War. US troop withdrawals began in the summer of 1969. However, it was not until January 27, 1973 that a peace treaty was finally reached. Nixon suspended all military operations in Vietnam and the remaining US troops left in March 1973. Fighting however would continue between the North Vietnamese and the South Vietnamese until April 30, 1975 when South Vietnam surrendered to the North. On July 2, 1976, Vietnam was reunified under a communist government. Vietnam was a war the US felt compelled to fight. The US thought if Vietnam was overthrown and became communist that it would be only a matter of time until surrounding countries would fall victim to communism. However, after a ten-year commitment in Vietnam, the US was unable to achieve victory. Why? The US forces were fighting in unfamiliar jungles whereas the Viet Cong were well adapted. The Viet Cong were also well supplied by both China and the Soviet Union. The US could not halt the flow of supplies and replacement fighters without the possibility of bringing either China and/or the Soviet Union into the war. Viet Cong used ambushes and booby traps against unsuspecting US troops. Nuclear weapons were out of the question as that would have definitely led to prompt and severe retaliation from probably both China and the Soviet Union. Unpopularity at home in America along with anti-war and civil rights protests eventually led to the ending of US involvement in Vietnam. Malayan Emergency, 1948-1960  On December 8, 1941, the Japanese invaded Malaya, which was under British rule at the time. Although British forces fought hard against the invaders, large numbers of Japanese troops eventually forced the British to retreat and surrender in early February 1942. The Japanese occupation of Malaya lasted from 1942 to 1945 when they surrendered to allied forces at the end of World War II. Malaya was now faced with restoring a civil government and initiating a new constitution. However, the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), led by Chin Peng opposed this idea. Between 1945 and 1948, the CPM had accumulated thousands of communist fighters that were trained in jungle warfare by the British to fight against the Japanese occupation. In June 1948, the 12-year unrest began when Communist Terrorists (CTs) killed three British rubber planters. The Communist Party of Malaya then departed to rural areas and organized the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA). They began a campaign of terror involving executing, mutilating and tormenting British and Native people aimed to panic the civilians. Britain repeatedly requested the assistance of the United States, but was turned down. Therefore, Britain stood alone against the threat in Malaya. In the fall of 1950, 50,000 British troops were sent to Malaya. The plan of action for dealing with the current crisis was defensive: to protect all targets of economic importance. However, there were insufficient amount of soldiers to properly deal with the country’s challenges, so more were transferred in from the Kings African Rifles, the Guards Brigade and the Royal Marines. The Director of Operations in Malaya, General Sir Harold Briggs, came up with a resolution known as â€Å"the Briggs plan,† which was to isolate the insurgents from their supporters. Under the plan, 500,000 rural Malayans and 400,000 Chinese were forced to relocate into guarded camps known as New Villages. At first, people were angry about the new arrangement however, with improved living conditions in the camps, monetary aid and given ownership of their property; they changed their initial perspective to that of happiness and satisfaction. Sir Henry Gurney, the British High Commissioner was ambushed and assassinated by the MNLA in 1951. This was a turning point in the war because the assassination has been defined as the reason the Malayans renounced the MNLA campaign. Lieutenant-General Sir Gerald Templer succeeded Sir Henry Gurney. He was a strict and robust soldier. He called for instant actions to grant Chinese ethnic citizens the right to vote. He advanced the development of the Malayan Army. He also improved the intelligence network (Special Branch). The MNLA were allowed remission by the Malayan government in 1955 as a means of ending the emergency peacefully, but many rejected because the terms were limited in nature. Chin Peng and Tunku Abdul Rahman, the father of Malayan independence entered into negotiations. The negotiations deteriorated when Tunku turned down Peng’s requests. As a result, the aggression proceeded more intensely but by this time, it was apparent that the MNLA’s goal of a communist Malaya proved unsuccessful. Malaya acquired independence in August 1957 but the emergency would not be conclusively over until 1960. By the end of the emergency, 6,710 insurgents had been killed with another 1,287 captured; 2,702 insurgents surrendered and another 500 gave themselves up. Malayan security forces including police suffered 1,345 casualties with another 519 commonwealth personnel lost; civilian losses were 2,478 with 810 others missing. The emergency is estimated to have cost the British government between ? 520 million and ? 700 million. Malaya is the only successful battle of the entire Cold War. Why? The MNLA consisted of about only 8,000 insurgents. There was little outside support and British General Harold Briggs quickly implemented a resolution that isolated the insurgents from the general population. Britain gained the support of the population when they provided aid and other support. The British also wanted Malay to be an independent state whereas an MNLA overthrow would suggest a potential â€Å"puppet state† of the Soviet Union and/or China.

Gay and Lesbian Same Sex Marriage is a Civil Right :: Gay and Lesbian Marriage Must Be Legal

Interracial marriage is a topic that has been out of the national limelight for quite some time because most people in the United States have grown to accept it. When the Supreme Court ruled for the right for couples to marry interracially in 1967, they called the laws preventing interracial marriage nothing more than an attempt "to maintain white supremacy" (Stoddard 413). The conclusion of the United States Supreme court was that because laws against interracial marriage served no purpose other than discrimination, they should be eliminated. The modern gay rights movement has sparked a similar controversy among lawmakers; The question of whether or not same sex marriages should be legal in the United States. In the aforementioned case, the Supreme Court ruled that marriage is "one of the basic civil rights of man...[and is] essential to the orderly pursuit of happiness" (Stoddard 413). Despite this decision that has been standing for more than thirty years that clearly states that marriage is a basic civil right, there has been widespread controversy about same sex marriage. The opposition to this basic right has been met by opposition with weak arguments such as: Citing Judeo/Christian legend saying that homosexuality is wrong; saying that since same sex couples could not reproduce, they should not be allowed to marry; the term "same sex marriage" is a contradiction in terms because the word "marriage" implies the union of a man and a woman. Amongst others, these are the fleeting arguments against same sex marriag e. These are attempts of people who are trying to maintain a heterosexual supremacy, the very same ideal of "white supremacy" that the Supreme Court ruled was unconstitutional in 1967. Like the laws against interracial marriage once did, the laws that exist today against same sex marriage serve no purpose other than that of discrimination. These unjust laws should be abolished. The source of much of the discrimination against same sex marriage is rooted in religious beliefs. It is almost impossible to hear a conservative politician talking about the subject of same sex marriage without a reference to The Bible. The infamous reference that has so many jumping at the throat of homosexual marriage is in the book of Leviticus, and it reads: "The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: Speak to the Israelite people and say to them: .

Imperialism Debate Essay

The dominance came every now and then by force of arms, but frequently It occurred because of trade and businesses. At this point, It allowed Imperial powers to the influence the selected civilization. While the Imperials ruled, they usually ‘robbed' the land of Its resources with little payback. These schemes obviously allowed for the imperial powers to gain a large profit and gain dominance. Imperialism was an effective and successful way for civilized countries to gain control over an indigenous countries. So, America should not become an imperial power.Core Democratic Value: Liberty Liberty is the one of the core values of American Constitutional Democracy. But this Liberty should include personal, political, economic freedom of not only American but also all nations. Imperialism based on ideas of superiority and nationalism robbed liberty of the subject country and their human rights In order to gain political, economic, and military benefits. For example, by the late sass , Americans wanted to annex Hall because of Its abundant natural resources and cultivatable lands.America, therefore, began a program of Imperialism In Hawaii and forced political and economic change. Queen Alkalinity wanted to end America's influence over Hawaii and created a new constitution. However, the United States denied it, soon took over the government office at Hawaii, and established complete control over Hawaii. American imperialism robbed economic and political freedom of Hawaii. Data: ‘If a strong people try to govern a weak one against its will, the home government will get despotic, too.You cannot maintain despotism in Asia and a republic In America. If you try to deprive even a savage or a barbarian of his Just rights you can never do It without becoming a savage or a barbarian yourself. ‘ ? Senator George F. Hoar under the pretext of spreading democracy and a Western value system, America's military intervene causes our endless warfare and the sacrifice of young military people. Ongoing Afghanistan civil war could be a good example. Prior Knowledge: Japanese imperialism robbed the liberty of Koreans. From 1910 to 1945, Japan occupied Korea.They forced the Koreans into Japanese culture under the pretext of civilizing the Koreans. Japanese language was taught In schools, and Japanese also forced the Koreans to change of their name in Japanese. Japan tried to destroy all records of histories of Korea and force the people with the conditionals pride to convert to Japanese ways of thinking. Hundreds of thousands of laborers were forced to work In Japanese factories and conscripted Into the armed forces, women were forced into â€Å"comfort stations† which is military brothels. While military power.As a result, imperialism deprived Koreans human rights, destroyed cultural factors, caused economic exhaustion, and lost natural resources. Counter Argument: Colonial officials, doctors, and missionaries strongly believed that all race s could be improved and uplifted by introducing Christianity, and they lived that it's their duty to conquer other nations to spread the religion, but it is opposed to the concept of individual freedom and freedom of religion. The dominating country thinks that their beliefs and laws are superior to the subjected nation.In fact, Imperialism civilizes and modernizes the underdeveloped country for the dominating country to gain economic benefits. If the dominate country uses the nationalistic or cultural factors to take control, there is a chance where the customs and the way of living of the domains will be lost. Conclusion: An average imperialist believed that imperial expansion was necessary for the arrival of their countries. Countries exercise great authority over large and varied territories populated by diversity of ethnic groups, cultures, and religions.Countries which exercise imperial power use a broad range of tools and incentives to maintain the dominance: political persua sive, economic advantages and cultural influences where possible, sometimes using force. But imperialism based on ideas of superiority and nationalism robbed liberty of the subject country and their human rights in order to gain political, economic, and military benefits. The reasons mentioned above are why America should not become imperial power.

Analysis of Enter Without So Much as Knocking Essay

Enter Without So Much as Knocking What is the poem about? The Poem follows the journey of a man’s life from birth into society to death. It shows how he and his family conform to society as becomes just like everybody else taking a critical view of modern day society. The signs throughout the poem indicate that we, as humans, are told how to live. Beginning with the birth of the child in the hospital, comes home to hear Bobby Dazzler on the TV, where the baby is seen as lucky because he doesn’t understand what he is saying doesn’t mean anything to him. As a young child it is shown how he and his family conformed to be like every other family. As a young boy his mum won some money where the family was able to buy the typical ‘Australian’ station wagon. Going into young adult hood he changes from being optimistic to becoming just like everybody else and losing his individuality, greedy for money only thinking about himself. By death he is seen to have been an untrustworthy and selfish man. They try to give his body an identity â€Å"adding a healthy tan he’d never had† What is the poet trying to say? The main idea of the poem is Memento, homo, quia pulvis, et in pulverem reverteris†¦ Remember man that thoughart dust and unto dust that shall return. The poet is trying to say that it doesn’t matter how many consumer items and materialistic things you buy, everybody ends up the same way, back to dust again. He is trying to say that the world is run buy consumerism which has lead to conformity and taken away the individuality of many people. The conformity is shown in stanza three through the signs which we all live by. Bruce Dawe highlights that humans seem to destroy and change everything they can get their hands on, but they have been unable to change the stars, or had gotten around to fixing them yet. Dawe shows that as we change from childhood to adulthood our views on the world and society change, we become more greedy, selfish and most people only care about themselves in order to get ahead in life. We no longer appreciate the simple things as we get older and we tend to worry too much about the small things. Analyse the poetic devices/ Style of the poem Repetition: Hello, Hello, Hello Metaphor: A pure unadulterated fringe of sky, littered with stars. Short sentences vs long sentences. The short sentences indicate how society tells us we should live. The long sentences highlight the chaotic nature of life and how at times it can be out of control. Sarcasm /cynicism- Dawe makes many comments in which he is critical of Australian society- our lack of morals, materialism/ onsumerism. How does it fit into the theme- Identity and belonging? The poem shows how many people try to conform to what is normal and how it is seen that they should live their lives. The young man in the poem loses his identity as he becomes an adult, as he becomes just like everybody else â€Å"money-hungry backstabbing† suggests that the world is dominated by these types of identities and to belong he also must become like this. The poem also suggests that buying materialistic items is apart of belonging to society â€Å"Good as new station wagon†. Identity has been attempted to be restored upon his death â€Å"first class job on his face† yet in the end we all end up back to dust without identity. Themes- Being realistic vs having dreams Conformity Writing task: Expository: News piece, Eulogy Personal letter Imaginative: Script Persuasive Piece- Opinion Piece about the materialistic nature of Australian society. Creative- Narrative- about Bill.

Academic Writing A List of Essay Types

Academic Writing A List of Essay Types Here is a great list of most popular types of essays. Check it out, if you need any type of essay to be written by a professional essay writer, place an order. Academic Writing: What Is an Essay? An essay is a piece of writing, usually from an authors personal point of view. The essay must be well structured (i.e. organized) and presented in a way that the reader finds easy to follow and clear: it must look tidy and not present any obstacles to the reader. It must have a clear readable interesting style. Academic writing must contain an argument or claim. This means it must address an issue or raise a question and present the appropriate data or information to illustrate it in a logical sequence, and then analyze and comment on it critically both by reference to sources and by pointing out any illogicalities, such as inconsistencies or omissions. Students are assessed on their ability to select the appropriate and relevant information to illustrate their argument or claim. Good academic writing has a formal structure, unlike fictional or personal writing. Exploiting this means that readers know what to expect, which greatly helps the communication process. The burden of communication is not carried at the word or sentence level alone but through the overall structure and organization of the text. The content should be individual and reflect the writers argument and research. Essays contain the following basic elements. These may be in the form of paragraphs for undergraduate essays, or sections for postgraduate essays or dissertations. The overall structure of a thesis (as well as, to an extent, the chapters) will have a similar pattern. A definition of an essay is a rather vague, so far I havent seen a clear definition of what an essay is. It could be due to the reason that essay is multifunctional, i.e. it can be used for a variety of purposes, in a variety of settings, in different spheres etc. In view of academic work, lets try to define an essay from the academic standpoint. So, an academic essay can probably be best understood as a testing or trial of the value or nature of a thing. This kind of testing has been recently acquired as a pedagogical tool. In this case, the main purpose of essay writing is to improve students writing skills, to judge the comprehension and mastery of the material learned during classes. This helps to expose their analytical, organizational, critical thinking skills etc. A formal essay would normally ask the student to present his/her views on a given subject, thus making an essay strongly subjective. First person narration is usually strongly discouraged, if not prohibited. Normally an essay would comprise 5 paragraphs (essentially called a five paragraph essay), but there are many other types of essays: descriptive essays, narrative essays, compare and contrast essays, persuasive essays, argumentative essays, definition essays etc. Basically, you name the type of the essay according to the purpose it serves, here you can fi nd a more or less comprehensive list of essays: Art Essay Argumentative Essay Cause and Effect Essay Compare and Contrast Essay Classification Essay College Essay Creative Essay Critical Essay Current Event Essay Deductive Essay Timed Essay Analytical Essay Descriptive Essay Definition Essay Division and Classification Essay Evaluation Essay Exploratory Essay Expository Essay Feedback Essay Informal Essay Inquiry Essay Instruction Essay Interview Essay Scholarship Essay Test Essay Literature Essay Law Essay Narrative Essay Observation Essay Paragraph Essay Personal Essay Persuasive Essay Philosophy Essay Poetry Writing or Essay Process Essay Proposal Essay Pros and Cons Essay Reflective Essay Response or Reaction Essay Review Essay If you need help with any of the above-mentioned essay types, feel free to contact any of our writing professionals, who are always willing to provide you with a top quality paper, ensuring a top score. Here, at   we are available 24/7 to help you! is the service you can trust. Order an essay from a professional essay writer.

Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Research Report - Essay Example It is conceived as a medium of developing resistance towards insulin, which might increase the chances related to developing diabetes (Lee, 2014). The objectives of the proposed research will be as follows: In the present day perspective, it has been recognized that people are more attracted towards fast food as it is a convenient and economical way of quenching hunger. In this respect, the present generation of adolescents is recognized to be the ones to be positively attracted to fast food. The modern day individuals consume fast food in an immense manner due to various factors which include convenience, inexpensive and delicious. Additionally, consumption of fast food has become a popular trend amid a major percentage of individuals (Paeratakul et al., 2003). Fast food is conceived as a package of food consisting of high calorie and low-level nutrients. Correspondingly, fast or junk food is accountable for several health risks, which include coronary heart disease and diabetes among others (UMN, 2012). Subsequently, the proposed research study will be conducted with the objective of identifying the procedures based on which the chances of diabetes increase from sustained intake of f ast food. This particular proposed research study will be conducted to ascertain the health risks associated with the consumption of fast food. Moreover, the proposed study will also assist in determining the importance and procedure for causing diabetes amid the present generation population. In this regard, examination concerning health risks of diabetes associated with consumption of fast food will assist nurses in possessing adequate knowledge about the causes accountable for diabetes. The key search terms for this proposed study include fast food, health hazards and diabetes. Additionally, the proposed study will aid in determining the association that exist amid these search terms. The modern day individuals especially adolescents along with young

Justinian and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Justinian and the Law - Essay Example It means that considering law as a phenomenon, peculiar only to the certain socio-economic structure, and which keeps the same nature at establishment of basic concepts, principles, categories and institutes during all existence of human civilization is not correct. That is why there is a general growth of interest to researches, which under such point of view are of not only historical interest, but also help to define the character and tendencies of transformations of law in the process of historical development of humanity, and consequently to find out consistent patterns of its development, which must be taken into account in modern conditions. Experience of development of law of legal system at Justinian's being in power can be very useful for the awareness of genetic root of many institutes of our legal system, establishment of possible prospects of its development, using of accomplishments and taking into consideration of lacks of conducting of those or other measures on perfection of the legal system, most grandiose from which is a systematization of law, conducted in the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) in the first half of the sixth century by Emperor Justinian. Let us appeal to the history as "the history of law, inseparable from the history of the State, because the growth of a legal system both determines and is determined by the general condition and civilization of the nation, finds in these same epochs its most natural divisions"1. An imperial aspiration of Justinian has negatively reflected on socio-economic position of the state, as a load of military charges came upon the population of Byzantium, destroying not only its economy but also the economy of neighbor countries. At the same time, objectively his political direction had certain positive maintenance, as he to a certain extent operated in light of general tendency of competition of ancient culture with the barbarian world from Northern East, which threatened fully to destroy odds and ends of old Roman and ancient Greek cultures. The main directions of domestic policy of emperor Justinian were: gradual liquidation of last republican institutes and strengthening of individual p ower of emperor; creation of an authoritarian state based on enormous centralized state and conducting of related administrative reforms; achievement of unity of faith (confession unity) in the state with recognition of emperor as a main leader in this sphere; realization of economic measures, directed on multiplying commodity turnover and revival of production; circumscription of proprietary rights of main landowners, economic influencing of which sometimes outgrew in political power. Limitations of rights of big landowners have been accompanied with measures, directed on encouragement of development of yeomanry (for example, by means of establishment of preferential taxes). Justinian pursues also a policy of encouragement to settling on new territory, and also to settling of earths which were before mastered, but then abandoned. What is important is that domestic and foreign policy of Justinian required not only the armed efforts